Colombian police say the arrests are the culmination of a two-year investigation, supported by US agents.
Half of the suspects are experienced pilots, accused of carrying cocaine to Central America and Mexico.
Police say some suspects are linked to Mexican cartels responsible for most of the illegal drugs supplied to the US.
One of the cartels, the Sinaloa, is led by Mexico's most wanted man, Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán.
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