Se estima que casi 400 especies de peces habitan en los arrecifes coralinos de Malpelo.
La Unesco declaró, en 2006, a Malpelo como Patrimonio Natural de la Humanidad.
En la isla vive la mayor colonia de aves Piquero de Nazca.
La largartija de Malpelo es una de las especies endémicas que habitan en la isla.
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