Mr Chavez, who already has difficult relations with Bogota and Washington, said an increased presence of US troops would be "a threat to Venezuela".
Colombia and the US are finalising an accord to make Colombia a hub for US anti-drug operations in South America.
Venezuela is Colombia's most important trading partner after the US.
President Chavez's comments echo statements by the Bolivian leader, Evo Morales, and Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua, condemning the imminent accord between Colombia and the US as "treason" and a threat to regional stability.
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